Emile Durkheim, one of the founding figures of sociology, developed a seminal theory on the division of labour that remains a cornerstone of sociological thought. First presented in his 1893 work, The Division of Labour in Society , this theory explores how social cohesion and solidarity are maintained in increasingly complex and differentiated societies. Durkheim’s insights address fundamental questions about how societies evolve, function, and maintain order amidst diversity and change. Historical Background Durkheim's theory emerged during the late 19th century, a time of profound social and economic transformation. The Industrial Revolution had given rise to industrial capitalism, urbanization, and the decline of traditional rural life. These changes created new forms of social organization and raised pressing questions about how individuals could coexist harmoniously in a world that seemed increasingly fragmented and competitive. Durkheim was particularly concerne...